article · Scientific Reports
Mainstream methods for producing graphene often rely on hazardous chemicals that cause environmental concerns. As an alternative, agricultural waste offers an accessible, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly precursor for nanomaterial production. Few-layered graphene sheets were synthesised from pomegranate peels through a low-temperature green process carried out at 80 degrees Celsius. Structural, optical, and morphological evaluations, alongside electrical measurements, confirmed the material characteristics of the resulting sheets. Subsequent electrochemical testing through cyclic voltammetry, charge-discharge cycling, and impedance spectroscopy verified the material performance in supercapacitor applications. The resulting material demonstrated measurable areal capacitance at a current density of 15.6 microamperes, indicating that graphene produced from pomegranate waste can serve as an active material for electrochemical energy storage devices while avoiding harsh chemical processes.
Traditional graphene manufacturing depends heavily on toxic chemicals and high-energy processes. Producing graphene from agricultural waste such as pomegranate peels at a modest 80 degrees Celsius offers a cleaner, safer, and potentially cheaper production route. This supports the development of sustainable energy storage systems without relying on environmentally harmful chemical reagents.
The work addresses energy storage device manufacturers and supercapacitor developers seeking greener, lower-cost nanomaterials. By converting pomegranate peel waste into graphene at 80 degrees Celsius, it provides an alternative to toxic chemical synthesis routes. At this stage, the technology represents early-stage laboratory research, as evaluations were limited to material characterisation and preliminary electrochemical testing under specific current densities rather than complete device trials.
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Graphene presents practical applications in energy storage devices, especially supercapacitors. However, mainstream synthesis of graphene includes toxic chemical usage, which threatens the environment. With the recent attention shift to synthesizing nanomaterials from agro-waste due to their easy availability, cost-effectiveness, and, most importantly, their environmental friendliness, we present, in this work for the first time, a novel and green synthesis of few-layered graphene sheets using pomegranate peels as a precursor at a low temperature of 80 °C. The surface morphology and microstructural properties are determined by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), and the electrical properties determined by Hall Effect Measurement. The application as a supercapacitor is also examined using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Charge-Discharge Cycling (GCD), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The resulting supercapacitor delivers an areal capacitance of [Formula: see text] at a current density of 15.6 μA [Formula: see text], making our synthesized graphene a good choice for electrochemical storage devices.
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DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42029-w
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