LINKS BETWEEN DYSLIPIDEMIA AND RISK FACTORS IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia, characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, is one of the causes of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and its complications. The interactions of lipid-abnormalities with established traditional cardiovascular risk factors guide prevention and management efforts. This article aims to estimate the presence of lipid profile abnormalities on patients with ACS and their relationship with demographic, clinical, and metabolic risk variables. METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Madani Heart Center, Sudan. The study included 231 patients diagnosed with ACS based on clinical and laboratory findings. Data on demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus), and biochemical markers (LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, TG, glycated hemoglobin, and random blood glucose) were collected. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Chi-square tests, and bivariate correlations, with statistical significance set at p≤0.05. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 60.6±12.3 years. LDL cholesterol showed no significant association with smoking, hypertension, or diabetes. Triglycerides (TG) demonstrated positive correlations with glycated hemoglobin (r=0.180, p=0.006) and random blood glucose (r=0.163, p=0.013), indicating a strong link between dyslipidemia and glycemic control. HDL cholesterol correlated positively with body weight (r=0.149, p=0.024). Both TG and LDL levels showed insignificant association with ACS types, smoking and hypertension (p-values>0.05). CONCLUSION: Triglycerides showed significant associations with markers of impaired glycemic control in patients with ACS indicating the importance of triglyceride management, especially among diabetic individuals.