Left Conjunctival Nodular Variant of Kaposi Sarcoma in an HIV-Negative Man: A Case Report with Literature Review

Abstract

Background: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a vascular neoplasm often associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and immunocompromised states, such as HIV/AIDS. While KS commonly affects the skin, mucous membranes, and viscera, ocular involvement, particularly of the conjunctiva, is rare. Objectives: This case report details the rare clinicopathological presentation of the nodular variant Kaposi sarcoma of the left conjunctiva in an HIV-negative patient, specifically emphasizing the histopathological findings, treatment considerations, and the challenges posed by positive surgical margins. Results: A 42-year-old male presented with a mass in the left conjunctiva. Microscopically, the mass shows short fascicles of spindle-shaped cells interspersed with capillary-sized blood vessels. Within the supporting stroma are plasma cells and extravasated red cells. Positive surgical margins portend risk of recurrence.