Labeling theory and self-reflection: A criminological analysis of emotional resilience and coping strategies among homicide offenders in Ghana

Abstract

This article examines gender differences in how homicide offenders experience and overcome suicidal thoughts in prison. Thirteen persons convicted of murder, both male and female, participated in in-depth interviews conducted using a semi-structured guide. The qualitative data were analysed through thematic analysis. The findings indicate that while some inmates experience suicidal ideation due to the harsh prison conditions and the extended duration of their sentences, others reported never having suicidal thoughts. This resilience was attributed to factors such as religious faith, concern for their families, participation in religious activities during incarceration, and guidance received from fellow inmates and prison staff. While some participants felt guilty and remorseful for their actions, others were unapologetic. The identified themes were closely interconnected, offering novel insights into the factors that help prisoners overcome suicidal ideation. The theoretical implication of the findings assumes that the internalisation of a homicide label can drive behavioural change, especially when offenders engage in self-reflection and assess their actions through the lens of societal judgment.