Knowledge, attitudes and practice by health professionals toward medical and pharmaceutical waste management: a cross-sectional study of El-idrissi hospital, Kenitra, Morocco

Abstract

Introduction The safe management of medical and pharmaceutical waste (MPW) is a major challenge for preventing environmental and health risks in hospitals. In Morocco, several studies still highlight shortcomings in knowledge, practices, and risk management related to MPW. To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of healthcare staff regarding MPW management at El Idrissi Hospital in Kenitra, as well as their perception of the associated risks. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare staff using an anonymous questionnaire with four sections: sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of MPW management procedures, management attitudes, and risk perception. A total of 136 participants were included after excluding four invalid questionnaires. The data were analyzed descriptively. Results and Discussion The majority of participants were women (67.6%). Nearly half of the staff (41.2%) were under 35 years old, with a mean age of 38 years (SD = 10.4). The mean administrative seniority was 13 years (SD = 9.2), and 47.1% had less than 10 years of experience. Staff came from various services and departments. A minority (18.8%) of them benefited from a day of awareness training on the management of medical waste (χ² = 8.64, p = 0.003). Meanwhile, 25% of them attended a meeting on this topic (χ² = 7.30, p = 0.007). Conversely, we found no significant associations ( p > 0.05) with the media as a means of raising awareness, suggesting the need for enhanced training and improved organizational conditions. Conclusion This study highlights persistent gaps in medical waste management at El Idrissi Hospital. Strengthening staff skills, improving internal organization, and regularly updating protocols are essential to ensure the safe management of hospital waste and reduce risks to healthcare workers, patients, and the environment.