Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Adequate Diet Among People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Auchi, Edo State

Abstract

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a global public health challenge that affects individuals across various age groups, social strata, and geographic locations. In addition, the role of adequate nutrition in the management of diseases, including HIV, cannot be underestimated. The study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of adequate diet among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Auchi, a developing town in Edo State. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was considered to collect data from 90 individuals living with HIV in Auchi, Edo State, using a structured questionnaire. Results: The findings revealed that the majority of respondents had good knowledge (92.22%) and a positive attitude (77.78%) toward maintaining a nutritious diet. Based on the results, 55.56% exhibited good dietary practices, while 44.44% displayed poor practices. Among the factors affecting dietary practices were financial constraints (72.22%), challenges in accessing fresh fruits and vegetables (77.78%), cultural beliefs influencing dietary choices (55.56%), emotional stress or depression affecting eating habits (61.11%), social stigma or discrimination related to HIV (44.44%), and the availability of adequate nutritional counseling (66.67%). Conclusion: The knowledge and attitude regarding adequate diet among PLWH in Auchi, Edo State, were generally high. However, there is a need to translate this knowledge into improved dietary practices for improving disease outcomes. It is also recommended that a patient-centered and interdisciplinary approach be used for nutritional care.