Knowledge and Perception of Cervical Cancer and Pap‐Smear Screening Among Antenatal Women in Ogun State, Nigeria

Abstract

Cervical cancer remains an important cause of cancer morbidity and mortality among women in Nigeria despite the availability of preventive screening such as the Pap smear. This study assessed knowledge, perceptions and uptake of cervical cancer screening among women attending antenatal clinics in Ogun State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a multistage sampling approach. Selected antenatal care facilities were identified using predefined eligibility criteria, the sample was allocated proportionately by clinic attendance, and eligible women were recruited by systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and analysed with descriptive and regression methods. Awareness of cervical cancer was reported by 61.3% of respondents, and 74.7% had heard of the Pap smear, yet only 18.2% had previously undergone screening. Frequently reported barriers included cost of screening (70.3%), embarrassment (69.4%), anticipated pain (47.5%), misconceptions such as perceived loss of virginity (83.0%) and partner disapproval (51.9%). Reduced uptake of screening was associated with higher service costs, longer waiting times and greater distance to the health facility. Although awareness of cervical cancer and Pap smear testing was relatively high, screening utilisation remained low. Improving affordability, reducing service-related barriers and strengthening education within routine antenatal care may help increase uptake.