Kinetic management of endocrine disruption: How chemical dynamics shape hormonal systems

Abstract

Historically, the assessment of endocrine disruption has relied on fixed exposure metrics, neglecting the crucial influence of chemical kinetics on hormonal effects. This review introduces the concept of kinetic management of endocrine disruption, focusing on how factors such as absorption, tissue partitioning, metabolism, and persistence influence the degree, timing, and extent of hormonal interference. We present emerging evidence that highlights how lipophilic accumulation in endocrine organs, the bioactivity of metabolites, and delayed internal release can create a disconnect between the external dose and its biological outcomes. By fusing pharmacokinetics with the dynamics of hormone receptors, feedback regulation, and vulnerabilities specific to different life stages, we propose a holistic framework that combines toxicology, endocrinology, and predictive modeling. This kinetic‒endocrine paradigm opens up significant opportunities for advanced risk assessment, precision in endocrine health safeguarding, and the deliberate creation of safer chemicals and therapeutic solutions.