Judicial symbolism or substance in combating corruption and economic crimes? Evidence from Tanzania’s High Court Corruption and Economic Crimes Division

Abstract

In light of various recent political and legal reforms and initiatives, the persistent resurgence of corruption and economic crime within societies has led the Tanzanian government to create the High Court Corruption and Economic Crimes Division in 2016. This paper assesses the impact of this political action across four judicial zones and one division. A desk-based review of documents was performed to gather judicial data. The study utilized Negative Binomial Regression Model. The findings indicate that the political decision substantially enhances the number of allegations, the appearance of accused individuals in court, and the recorded convictions. However, it does not exert a direct significant influence on the fight against corruption and economic crime within society. Judicial specialisation alone is insufficient in the absence of consistent enforcement and institutional credibility. This study emphasizes the necessity for strong legal structures that foster the autonomy of the judiciary from political pressures.