article · Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
This research aimed to identify and assess the antibacterial compounds present in *Synsepalum brevipes*. Various chromatographic methods were used to isolate chemical constituents, whose structures were determined using advanced spectroscopic techniques. The antibacterial activity of extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds was then tested against six bacterial strains using the broth microdilution method. While crude extracts and fractions showed no activity, three specific compounds, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, and hyperoside, demonstrated moderate inhibitory effects. Oleanolic acid also exhibited moderate bactericidal action against *Escherichia coli* and methicillin-resistant *Staphylococcus*, with ursolic acid showing similar effects against methicillin-resistant *Staphylococcus aureus*.
Discovering new antibacterial compounds is crucial as antibiotic resistance continues to rise globally. This research identifies specific natural compounds with moderate antibacterial properties, offering a starting point for developing new treatments against common and resistant bacterial infections, potentially leading to novel therapeutic options.
This early-stage research identifies specific natural compounds with moderate antibacterial activity, which could be of interest to pharmaceutical companies or research organisations. These compounds might serve as lead molecules for the development of new antibacterial drugs. Further research would be needed to optimise their efficacy, understand their mechanisms, and assess their safety for potential therapeutic applications.
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Purpose: To isolate and evaluate the antibacterial constituents of Synsepalum brevipes.Methods: The compounds were isolated using varying chromatographic separation methods. The structures were established using 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic methods, mass spectroscopy (MS), and by comparison with existing data. Extracts, fractions, and selected compounds were assessed against six bacterial strains using the broth microdilution method.Results: Chemical constituents isolated were identified as taraxeryl acetate, taraxerol, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, betulinic acid, lupeol, herannone, spinasterol, spinasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, eicosanoic acid, asperphernamate, hyperoside, spinasterone, arganin C, and butyroside B. The crude extracts and fractions were inactive against all the bacterial strains. The three compounds, which include oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, and hyperoside, exhibited moderate inhibitory activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 12.5 to 50 μg/mL against the tested bacteria. Oleanolic acid revealed moderate bactericidal effects on Escherichia coli, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 100 μg/mL, while ursolic acid showed moderatebactericidal effects on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MBC = 50 μg/mL).Conclusion: These results show that two triterpenoids and one phenolic exhibit moderate antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus, and Staphylococcus aureus.
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DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v24i5.9
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