Involvement of community health workers in the fight against vector-borne diseases: systematic review of malaria interventions

Abstract

Vector-borne diseases remain a major public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. Community health workers (CHWs) play a key role in vector control through community-based interventions. This systematic review examines CHWs involvement in malaria-related vector control programs and identifies factors influencing their effective integration and performance. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines by searching eight electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, African Journals Online [AJOL], and Cairn). Qualitative, quantitative, mixed-methods studies, and documentary reports published between 2015 and 2025 were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT), 2018 version. Out of 999 records identified, 27 studies were included. CHWs were involved in integrated community case management (rapid diagnosis, treatment, and referral), community surveillance, and prevention activities (mosquito-net distribution, health education, seasonal chemoprevention, and social mobilization). These studies reported improved access to diagnosis, reduced consultations at health centers, greater community adherence, and improved surveillance data quality. Facilitating factors included training, supervision, and logistical support, whereas barriers included low motivation, supply breakdowns, lack of an institutional framework, and reliance on external funding. CHWs play a central role in malaria-related vector control programs in Africa. Strengthening their institutional integration, supervision, motivation, and supply systems is essential to maximize their contribution and sustain impact.