Investigation on CT‐DNA and Protein Interaction of New Pd(II) Complexes Involving Ceftazidime and 3‐Amino‐1,2,3‐triazole: Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Impact, Anticancer Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Approaches

Abstract

Abstract Two new palladium (II) complexes, [Pd(CAZ)(OH 2 ) 2 ] 2+ ( 1 ) and [Pd(3‐AT)(OH 2 ) 2 ] 2+ ( 2 ), (CAZ=ceftazidime, and 3‐AT=amitrole) were synthesized and studied for their potential as anticancer drugs with low toxicity and high potency. To fully characterize these complexes, we conducted elemental analysis and FT‐IR studies. Furthermore, we irradiated the complexes with Indian 60 Co gamma rays and thoroughly evaluated their antimicrobial properties. Our results demonstrate that the inhibitory activity of complexes was significantly enhanced against (G+) bacteria and fungi. Additionally, we probed the complexes’ interaction with CT‐DNA and BSA using various techniques, including UV‐vis spectroscopy, thermal denaturation, viscometry, gel electrophoresis, and molecular docking studies. Our findings conclusively demonstrate that these complexes possess a strong binding interaction with CT‐DNA via minor groove binding and/or electrostatic interactions, as well as excellent binding affinity to BSA. Finally, we conducted a cytotoxicity assay that clearly indicates these complexes hold immense promise as cell growth inhibitors against MCF‐7 and HCT‐116.