Investigating the feasibility of utilising cactus oil as a minimum quantity lubrication eco-friendly coolant for machining 42CrMo4 steel

Abstract

Lubricants are essential in machining, serving as coolants and cutting fluids. Traditionally, petroleum-based oils were used, but their environmental impact has led to a shift towards eco-friendly options. This research investigated soluble and non-edible cactus oils as cutting fluids in minimum quantity lubrication for turning 42CrMo4 steel with cemented carbide inserts. Minitab software, Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design, and ANOVA were utilised to evaluate the effects of cutting fluid and depth of cut on surface roughness and flank tool wear. The study aimed to enhance surface roughness and tool wear. Results indicated that surface roughness decreased by 17% with soluble oil and 28% with cactus oil at a 1 mm cutting depth compared to dry conditions. Flank tool wear was reduced by 8% with soluble oil and 16% with cactus oil. Cactus oil improved surface roughness by 13% and tool wear by 9% over soluble oil at the same depth.