article · ChemistryOpen
Salvia balansae, an endemic Algerian plant, contains substantial levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, and triterpenoids, featuring a distinct chemical profile enriched in luteolin, rosmarinic acid, and flavonoid glycosides. Laboratory evaluations demonstrate strong antioxidant capacity and marked anti-inflammatory effects, evidenced by the suppression of protein denaturation and reduced swelling and tissue damage in animal models. Molecular docking indicates that constituent compounds such as salvianolic acid, rutin, and apigenin-7-O-glucoside bind favourably to NLRP3 inflammasome components, outlining a plausible mechanism for this anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, the extract shows moderate inhibition of cholinesterases and alpha-amylase, pointing to potential neuroprotective and antidiabetic utility. In safety assessments, an acute oral dose of 2000 mg/kg produced no mortality, obvious clinical toxicity, or visible organ damage, supporting its profile for ongoing evaluation.
Chronic diseases are widely driven by uncontrolled inflammation and oxidative stress. Discovering safe natural sources of active compounds helps expand the pipeline of potential health interventions. This research establishes initial scientific evidence for the biological activity and baseline safety of an under-investigated endemic sage species, highlighting its candidate molecules for managing inflammation and metabolic enzyme targets.
The findings suggest early-stage potential for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical product development targeting inflammation, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. The primary target audience comprises drug development researchers and natural health product manufacturers. Because the evidence is derived from laboratory assays, computational docking, and acute animal models, the research remains at an early discovery stage, requiring repeated-dose safety studies and clinical validation before commercial application is feasible.
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Salvia balansae, an endemic Algerian species, remains poorly investigated despite the recognized medicinal importance of the Salvia genus. This study comprehensively evaluated its phytochemical composition, biological activities, and safety profile. Quantitative analyses revealed high levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, condensed tannins, and triterpenoids, while LC-MS identified a distinctive Aurès-region chemotype enriched in luteolin, rosmarinic acid, and flavonoid glycosides. The extract demonstrated strong antioxidant activity in free radical-scavenging, metal-chelating, and reducing-power assays. Anti-inflammatory activity was confirmed by inhibition of protein denaturation in vitro and significant suppression of croton oil-induced ear edema and histopathological damage in vivo. Molecular docking predicted favorable binding of salvianolic acid, rutin, and apigenin-7-O-glucoside to NLRP3 inflammasome components, suggesting a potential mechanism underlying the observed anti-inflammatory effects. The extract also exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against cholinesterases and α-amylase, indicating possible neuroprotective and antidiabetic potential. Acute oral toxicity testing at 2000 mg/kg showed no mortality, major clinical signs of toxicity, or apparent organ damage, although repeated-dose studies are warranted. Collectively, these findings identify S. balansae as a polyphenol- and triterpenoid-rich species with considerable promise for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.
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DOI: 10.1002/open.70280
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