Integrated cash transfer programmes and household food security: an endogenous switching regression analysis from drought-prone regions of Tanzania

Abstract

Integrated cash transfer programmes (ICTPs) are increasingly being used in improving food security in drought-prone areas. This study assessed the impact of an ICTP on household food security in Northern Tanzania using data from 476 households. An endogenous switching regression model was applied to control for selection bias, using food consumption scores per adult equivalent units and coping strategy index as indicators, while descriptive statistics were used to explore how households utilized cash transfers. Results indicate that programme participation is not random but depends on different socio-economic and demographic features, resource endowments and access to community services. Also, there is considerable heterogeneity in the determinants of food consumption and adoption of negative coping strategies among households. Additionally, results revealed that ICTP participation significantly increased food consumption and reduced negative coping strategies, indicating improved food access and utilization. Moreover, households reported using cash transfers to address a wide range of needs including food, healthcare, education, and small business investments. These findings highlight ICTPs’ effectiveness in enhancing food security and resilience in climate-vulnerable settings, and the importance of holistic and flexible programme design, respecting household priorities, and detailed vulnerability assessments. Expanding ICTPs can strengthen resilience and food security in drought-affected regions.