Integrated Assessment of Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy Systems: A Pathway to Sustainable and Resilient Industrial Electrification in Ghana

Abstract

Purpose: Achieving sustainable and cost-effective industrial electrification in Africa necessitates an integrated energy approach that optimally combines Small Modular Reactor (SMR) and renewables, mainly solar and wind energy, as two clean energy sources. Design/Methodology/Approach: Using HOMER Pro software, system performance was simulated to assess energy generation, economic viability, and environmental benefits. The analysis examined annual energy output, levelised cost of energy (LCOE), and carbon emission reductions to determine system sustainability. Findings: Due to the integrated energy system, a net energy surplus of 206,079,408 kWh is achieved, enabling grid exports and the potential production of green hydrogen if effectively harnessed. Economic assessments indicate an LCOE of $0.185/kWh, 34% lower than Ghana’s industrial 2024 grid tariff. Additionally, CO2 emissions are reduced by 15,824,965 kg annually, supporting Ghana’s National Energy Transition Agenda. Research Limitation: Further research is needed to optimise hybrid energy systems, particularly in waste management, policy frameworks, and national grid stability. Practical Implication: SMRs and renewables can enhance energy reliability and affordability, ensure sustainable industrial development, and drastically lower energy sector emissions. Social Implications: Integrating nuclear and renewable energy as a hybrid system can reduce energy poverty, drive industrial growth, support sustainable development, and lower environmental impact. Originality/Value: This study underscores the potential of nuclear-renewable hybrid energy systems to enhance energy security, reduce emissions, and stabilise industrial electricity supply.