article · Clean Technologies
This research explored the use of activated carbon derived from walnut shells for removing chromium(VI) from solutions. The activated carbon produced was highly microporous and demonstrated high efficiency in Cr(VI) removal. Using response surface methodology, the study optimised four variables: Cr(VI) concentration, pH, activated carbon dose, and temperature. Optimal conditions achieved a 93% removal efficiency. Thermodynamic analysis indicated a spontaneous and exothermic adsorption process, while kinetic and isotherm models (pseudo-second-order and Langmuir, respectively) best described the experimental data. Additionally, quantum calculations and NCI analyses were performed to understand the adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI) on the activated carbon surface.
Chromium(VI) is a toxic pollutant, and its removal from water is crucial for environmental protection and public health. This research offers a sustainable and efficient method using waste biomass, like walnut shells, to create an effective adsorbent, contributing to cleaner water solutions.
This research presents an efficient method for removing chromium(VI) from water using activated carbon derived from agricultural waste. This technology could be applied in water treatment facilities or industrial effluent purification. The work is at an applied research stage, demonstrating optimised performance and mechanistic understanding, which could inform the development of sustainable filtration or purification systems.
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Walnut shells were used to produce highly microporous activated carbon. The prepared activated walnut shells were found to be an efficient adsorbent for removing Cr(VI). The study used the response surface methodology to investigate four independent variables effect: Cr(VI) concentration, pH, AC-Ws dose, and temperature on the Cr(VI) removal efficiency, which was studied in the concentration range of 0.1 to 0.3 g/L, 4 to 10, 15 to 35 °C and 1 to 5 mg/L, respectively. Through experiments designed, the optimum conditions were determined to be 4, 0.23 g/L, 298 k, and 2 g/L, respectively. At these conditions, the efficiency of removal was found to be 93%. The thermodynamic study of the adsorption process showed a spontaneous and exothermic nature. The kinetic model that explains the experimental data is the pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, the Langmuir isotherm model was estimated to be an excellent representation of the equilibrium data. Quantum calculations and NCI analyses were also performed to get more light on the adsorption mechanism of the Cr(VI) atom and its complex form on the prepared AC-Ws surface.
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DOI: 10.3390/cleantechnol6010012
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