article · Malaria Journal
Mosquito populations of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto in Nord Ubangi exhibit insecticide resistance driven by both metabolic mechanisms and voltage-gated sodium channel mutations. Within this central African region, the investigation records the first detection of the N1575Y mutation. Alongside these biological observations, an assessment of a diagnostic tool, the LNA-kdr assay, demonstrates strong operational utility for monitoring resistance. This diagnostic assay delivers robust results in mosquito populations where both the 1014S and 1014F knockdown resistance alleles co-occur. Compared to standard TaqMan assays, the method offers higher sample throughput while operating at a quarter of the financial cost. The findings provide vital resistance data for an understudied region and demonstrate an economical diagnostic tool for screening resistant mosquito populations.
Malaria control programmes rely heavily on insecticides, making the detection of genetic resistance critical for vector management. Demonstrating that mosquito populations in central Africa carry multiple resistance mechanisms, including newly detected mutations, highlights growing operational challenges. Providing a validated diagnostic assay that is four times cheaper than existing TaqMan tools enables broader, more cost-effective genetic surveillance in resource-limited settings.
The LNA-kdr assay represents an applied and tested diagnostic method suitable for adoption by vector surveillance programmes and laboratory service providers. By offering high-throughput performance at a quarter of the cost of TaqMan alternatives, it provides an immediate opportunity for diagnostic developers and public health bodies to deploy more economical resistance-screening kits in regions where multiple resistance alleles co-occur.
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This study provides rare data on insecticide resistance and mechanisms in Anopheles from the centre of Africa, with the first detection of N1575Y. Nord Ubangi populations of An. gambiae s.s. show insecticide resistance mediated by both metabolic mechanisms and Vgsc mutations. The LNA-kdr assay is particularly suitable for use in populations in which both 1014S and 1014F kdr alleles co-occur and provides robust results, with higher throughput and at a quarter of the cost of TaqMan assays.
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DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2561-5
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