article · Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
This research evaluates hybrid nanofluid flow across a cylinder subjected to activation energy as well as linear, non-linear, and quadratic thermal radiation. Using similarity transformations, the governing nonlinear differential equations were converted into ordinary differential equations and solved through a shooting method alongside the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg 45 scheme. The numerical outcomes reveal that the curvature parameter enhances flow, thermal, and concentration profiles, whereas solid fraction reduces velocity while increasing the other profiles. Quadratic thermal radiation produces a lower temperature distribution compared to linear and non-linear models. Transitioning from hybrid nanofluid to nanofluid improves the rate of thermal distribution by 0.60 percent for linear radiation, 0.52 percent for non-linear radiation, and 0.656 percent for quadratic radiation, alongside a 0.068 percent improvement in mass transfer. These results provide useful insights for thermal management, fluid mechanics, and chemical technology.
Radiative heat transfer models are vital for predicting and controlling temperature in complex engineering systems. By evaluating quadratic, linear, and non-linear radiative effects in hybrid nanofluids, this study clarifies how fluid composition and surface curvature alter heat and mass transfer. Such modeling accuracy supports better design decisions in high-temperature environments where standard linear radiation models fail to reflect physical realities accurately.
This work represents early-stage theoretical and numerical research. The abstract notes that these insights may be used to enhance system efficiency in fluid mechanics, chemical technology, and thermal management. Likely future users include engineering teams and researchers designing cooling systems or chemical processing equipment, though practical deployment remains distant and requires experimental validation beyond the numerical simulations presented here.
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Quadratic thermal radiation is a fundamental term within the field of radiative heat transfer, which pertains to the interaction of thermal radiation. It encompasses a quadratic correlation between temperature and radiative qualities. Although linear thermal radiation is more prevalent in numerous everyday applications, non-linear thermal radiation is important in some situations, particularly where a more precise representation of the radiative transfer of heat is required. The phenomenon assumes a crucial function in some contexts that need enhanced accuracy in modeling radiative heat transfer. In view of this, the present investigation is carried out to examine the hybrid nanofluid flow across a cylinder under the influence of quadratic, nonlinear and linear thermal radiation and activation energy. The governing system of nonlinear differential equations is transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations via similarity transformations. The current study presents the results utilizing the shooting and Runge-Kutta Fehlberg 45 numerical scheme. The outcomes show that the curvature constraint will improve all three profiles while solid fraction decreases velocity and raises the other two profiles. Quadratic thermal radiation shows less temperature distribution, followed by linear and non-linear thermal radiation cases. The rate of thermal distribution improves 0.60% for linear thermal radiation case, 0.52% for nonlinear thermal radiation case and 0.656% for quadratic thermal radiation case from hybrid nanofluid to nanofluid. Further, the rate of mass transfer shows 0.068% improvement for from hybrid nanofluid to nanofluid. The results provide useful insights that may be used to enhance system efficiency across various applications, including but not limited to the mechanics of fluids, chemical technology, and thermal administration.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2024.104624
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