Influence of Photobiomodulation Therapy Combined with Pelvic Floor Exercises on Postpartum Coccydynia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study was conducted to investigate whether the addition of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) to pelvic floor exercises (PFEs) is more effective in treating postpartum coccydynia compared with either modality alone. <b><i>Background:</i></b> Postpartum coccydynia is a widespread condition that significantly affects the quality of life. Inflammation as a response to childbirth trauma and weakening of the muscles and ligaments attached to the coccyx are presumed causes of postpartum coccydynia. Finding effective modalities to manage this condition will help the quality of life for most women. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Sixty women aged 25-35 years with postpartum coccydynia ≥6 weeks were randomly allocated to Group A (PBMT + hot pack + PFEs), Group B (PBMT + hot pack), and Group C (placebo PBMT + hot pack + PFEs). All groups received 12 sessions over 4 weeks of hot packs plus their allocated active treatment (PBMT and/or PFEs). Outcomes were pain intensity (visual analog scale), lumbar flexion range of motion (ROM) (modified Schober test), and self-reported disability (Oswestry Disability Index). The assessors were blinded to group allocation. <b><i>Results:</i></b> All the measured outcomes showed significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with the superiority of Group A over the other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Within groups, all groups showed statistically significant improvement from baseline across outcomes (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Adding PBMT to PFEs is recommended in the management of postpartum coccydynia as this combination resulted in greater reductions in pain and disability, along with improved lumbar flexion ROM.