Influence of agroclimatic factors on fruit quality and bioactive compound composition of the Moroccan “Sefri” pomegranate

Abstract

The diverse agroclimatic conditions of North Africa offer a valuable framework for examining the environmental determinants of fruit crop performance, particularly in key production zones such as Morocco, where pomegranate (Punica granatum. L) cultivation is both nutritionally and economically significant. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the adaptability of the “Sefri” pomegranate cultivar across five Moroccan regions (Marrakech, Meknes, Berkane, Beni Mellal, and Taounate) by assessing its pomological, vegetative, and biochemical traits under distinct agroclimatic conditions. Significant regional variations were observed in pomological traits, with Marrakech exhibiting superior fruit weight, diameter, and juice content, while Berkane demonstrated higher aril content and anthocyanin levels but lower fruit weight and size. Vegetative traits, including leaf density and area, were highest in Marrakech and lowest in Meknes and Berkane. Biochemical characteristics varied widely, with Beni Mellal samples showing the highest polyphenol (3.62 g GAE L -1 ) and flavonoid content (276.26 mg RE L -1 ), while Berkane exhibited the highest anthocyanin concentration (99.6 mg TAC L -1 ). Total soluble solids and titratable acidity were greatest in Meknes and Taounate, correlating with their cooler climates. Results underscore the strong influence of agroclimatic conditions, including temperature and soil and water characteristics which vary from region to region, on the phenotypic expression of the “Sefri” pomegranate cultivar, revealing that regions such as Beni Mellal, Berkane, and Meknes are particularly favorable for producing high-quality fruits enriched in bioactive compounds, while the Marrakech region demonstrates exceptional potential for maximizing yield and overall productivity. These findings provide critical insights for optimizing Moroccan pomegranates’ production and commercial valorization, promoting sustainable agriculture aligned with market demands.