Influence of ABO Blood Group Genotypes and Sociodemographic Characteristics on the Uropathogen Distribution among UTI-Positive Patients in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are still a major public health problem due to changing uropathogen patterns and rising antibiotic resistance. Understanding pathogen-specific relationships with host demographic, genetic, and clinical features is critical for developing effective clinical care and preventative measures.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 individuals with laboratory-confirmed UTIs who visited a tertiary healthcare center in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires and laboratory records were used to collect information about sociodemographic variables, ABO blood groups, infection severity, and urine culture results. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression analysis were performed to determine characteristics associated with uropathogen type, with Escherichia coli (E. coli) serving as the reference category. Statistical significance was determined at p < 0.05.Results: The majority of participants (40.0%) were women aged 25-34 years old (61.6%). E. coli was the most common uropathogen (42.0%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (22.0%), Candida spp. (21.2%), and Staphylococcus spp. (14.8%). A multinomial regression study found that male sex and unemployment were substantially linked with Candida spp. infection. Older age, ABO blood group B, and severe infection were all significant predictors of Klebsiella spp. infection. In contrast, no examined factor had a significant connection with Staphylococcus spp. infection compared to E. coli (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43-1.86).Conclusion: The distribution of uropathogens among UTI patients differs based on ABO blood group genotypes, as well as demographic and clinical variables, indicating pathogen risk profiles. These findings highlight the necessity of tailored diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for improving UTI care, especially in resource-constrained settings.