Inclusive Education in Achieving Comprehensive Inclusion in Higher Education

Abstract

Inclusive education (IE) is a goal in higher education (HE) to be achieved for equity, social justice, and the right to learn for all individuals in human rights principles. IE is increasingly applied not only in schools but also in higher education institutions, seeking to ensure that learners from different backgrounds can access and fully participate in academic life. This chapter explores inclusivity in HE, emphasising that IE requires multiple dimensions, including gender, culture, religion, disability, and the needs of marginalised groups. The Social Identity Theory (SIT) underpinned this study, which posits that people's identities are shaped by the social communities. Economic, religious, and socio-cultural factors influence these communities and how individuals participate in HE. Thus, social diversity in HE is evident in the increasing enrolment of students and faculty from varied backgrounds. However, despite these developments, gender inequality persists where women are underrepresented in many HE institutions. It suggests a need to enhance inclusivity in HE practice.