In vitro screening of waste product of six plants for their antioxidant potential and cytotoxic effect on normal human skin fibroplast cell line (BJ1) and hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HPG2)

Abstract

Background: Six cultivated and five wild families of plants that grow in Egypt have been randomly selected from various locations. The methanol plant extracts of Polygonum aviculare, Rumex crispus, Ricinus communis, Ipomoea batatas, Ipomoea tricolor, and Achillea fragmentisma were preliminary screened for their in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities. Materials and Methods: The extracts were assessed against hepatocellular carcinoma human cell line (HPG2). By reducing yellow 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide to purple formazan in a mitochondrial manner, cell viability was evaluated. A known cytotoxic adrinamycin (doxorubicin) was used as a positive control. Additionally, the extracts were also determined against normal human skin fibroplast cell line (BJ1) using the same techniques. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH. Results: The present results of antitumor activity of different extracts declared 100.00, 70.60 and 55.20 % inhibition activity of extracts against HPG2 cells (at 100ppm) for Ipomoea batatas, Ipomoea tricolor and Achillea fragmentisma with IC50 28.5, 75.2 and 90.3 µg/ml, respectively as compared to standard drug which exhibit 100% reduction in HPG2 cells at 100 ppm with IC50 21.60 ug/ml. While, the extract of other investigated plants have showed low inhibitory activities against HPG2 cells with range 10.00- 15.00 %. Further, the cytotoxic activity of different extracts on BJ1 recorded low cytotoxic activity for Ipomoea batatas, Ipomoea tricolor 15.00 and 10.00%, with IC50 31.4 and 49.60µg/ml respectively. Achillea fragmentisma showed more or less high cytotoxic activity 64.50% with IC50 43.4 µg/ml. Also, Polygonum aviculare, Ricinus communis and Rumex crispus exhibited low cytotoxic activity against BJ1 (15.30, 18.20and 14.50% with IC50 90.61, 70.10 and 95.00%, respectively). The results of antioxidant activity using DPPH assay revealed that both Ipomoea species have potential scavenging activity at different concentrations compared with other investigated plants. Conclusion: Ipomoea batatas and I. tricolor showed potent antitumor activity against HPG2 cells with low cytotoxic effects on BJ1.