In vitro antihelminthic studies on the leaves, stem and root barks of Cassia alata

Abstract

Background: The use of synthetic antihelminthic agents is often associated with adverse side effects and increasing drug resistance. These challenges have intensified the search for safer and more effective plant-based bioactive agents. Aim: To evaluate and compare the in vitro antihelminthic efficacy of the leaves, stem and root barks of Cassia alata. Setting: This study was designed to validate the folkloric application of C. alata as an antihelminthic agent. Methods: Crude ethanol extracts of the plants’ leaves, stem and root barks were prepared and subjected to phytochemical screening. Extract concentrations (25 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL) were tested in vitro against Pheretima posthuma by measuring paralysis and death times. Mebendazole (MBZ) (15 mg/mL) served as the reference drug. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids. The root bark showed the lowest activity overall; however, at 50 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL, it produced significantly (p < 0.05) shorter paralysis times (23.02 ± 1.61 min and 14.00 ± 2.61 min, respectively) than MBZ (32.00 ± 0.82 min). Only the 100 mg/mL root extract achieved a significantly (p < 0.05) shorter death time (57.67 ± 1.71 min) compared to MBZ (110.33 ± 1.70 min). In contrast, the leaf and stem bark extracts outperformed MBZ, producing significantly (p < 0.05) shorter paralysis and death times at all tested concentrations. Conclusion: Cassia alata exhibits notable antihelminthic activity. Contribution: The study highlights Cassia alata as a promising plant-based treatment for helminth infections.