In vitro anthelmintic activities of stem and root barks extracts of Parkia biglobosa on infective larvae and adult of Haemonchus contortus

Abstract

The treatment of gastrointestinal nematode infections in the 21st century is largely through the use of modern synthetic anthelmintics. However, there is over growing drug resistance to anthelmintics in treatment of gastrointestinal nematode infections in goats and sheep. This present study was carried out to determine the in vitro anthelmintic activitities of Parkia biglobosa using Larval motility inhibition assay (LMIA) and Adult motility inhibition assay (AMIA). The stem and root barks of P. biglobosa were extracted which yielded four different extracts as Crude Aqueous Stem Bark Extract (CASBE), Crude Methanol Stem Bark Extract (CMSBE), Crude Aqueous Root Bark Extract (CARBE) and Crude Methanol Root Bark Extract (CMRBE). The infective larvae and adults of Haemonchus contortus were exposed to different concentrations each (2, 4, 8. 16 and 32 mg/ml) of plant extracts of both stem and root barks of P. biglobosa in comparable to controls (Albendazole (ABZ)-positive control and Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)- negative control). The result of LMIA showed that at 12 hours exposure of larvae to 32 mg/ml for four extracts, 55-75% mortality were recorded while the result for AMIA revealed that at 12 hours post exposure of all the plant extracts ranged from 2-32 mg/ml concentrations, 100% mortality of the adult worms were recorded. There was no mortality recorded in negative control (PBS) even up to 12 hours post exposure. From this result, it could be concluded that plant extracts have anthelmintic activities in comparison to ABZ with CMSBE ranked highest among the extracts. However, the potency of plant extracts was dependent on the time of exposure and concentration of the extracts as well as the solvent used.   Key words: Adulticidal, Anthelmintic, Drug resistance, Extracts, in vitro, Larvicidal, Parkia biglobosa.