Improving Antimicrobial Stewardship in Human Health Using Probiotics and Their Derivatives

Abstract

Since antimicrobial resistance poses the biggest risks to human health, antimicrobial stewardship implies a strategy of responsible management. To lessen antimicrobial resistance and its impacts, a number of antimicrobial stewardship strategies are being used. One such crucial tactic is the use of probiotics and their derivatives, which directly affect the gut microbiota and have been linked to the development and management of a number of human diseases. Undoubtedly, the gut microbiota has a significant impact on the host immunological response, defense against pathogen overgrowth, biosynthesis, and metabolism. There is a rising need to incorporate strategies for altering the gut microbiota as a means of therapy or infection prevention in routine clinical practice as our understanding of the connections between the gut microbiota and host immunity and infectious illnesses deepens. Probiotics and their derivatives influence the development of various species in the gut microbiome to support the host’s health. This review aims to investigate how the gut microbiota is modulated by probiotics, ghost probiotics, postbiotics, and synbiotics, and what this means for infection prevention and antibiotic stewardship.