Improved Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring

Abstract

This research investigates the design and performance of non-invasive blood glucose sensors using microwave resonators with two different permittivity substrates, Rogers 4360 G 2 (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\varepsilon=6.15$</tex>) and Rogers 4003C (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\varepsilon=3.38$</tex>). Numerical simulations conducted with the CST Microwave Studio electromagnetic solver were used to analyze the sensors' sensitivity and losses. The results demonstrated that the sensor with higher permittivity (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\varepsilon=6.15$</tex>) exhibited greater sensitivity (1.1 dB per mg/dL) and lower losses (0.55) compared to the sensor with lower permittivity (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\varepsilon=3.38$</tex>), which showed a sensitivity of 0.08 dB per mg/dL and losses of 0.68. These findings suggest that the sensor with higher permittivity is more effective for continuous glucose monitoring due to its superior sensitivity and efficiency.