Importance of Bryophytes in Terrestrial Ecosystems

Abstract

The total number of bryophyte species is between 20,000 and 25,000. These are chlorophyllous plants, divided into 3 classes: Mosses, Hepatics and Anthocerotes. They colonize most terrestrial and aquatic environments. In bryophytes, water and nutrients are transferred only by capillary action. As a result, bryophytes are small, confined to damp places, and remain dependent on water for their reproduction. Nevertheless, they are of vital importance to the birth and functioning of ecosystems. They act as primary producers, participate in biogeochemical cycles and act as carbon sinks. Their resistance to desiccation and reviviscence give ecosystems resilience. Their bioaccumulative capacity makes bryophytes bio-indicators, used for biomonitoring of aquatic and aerial environments. Bryophytes abound in pharmacologically active substances, making them an important component of traditional and modern medicine. Bryophytes are subject to various threats, linked to the destruction and degradation of their habitats. Hence the need for preservation and conservation measures.