Implementation of malaria vaccine in Nigeria: challenges and recommendations

Abstract

Malaria remains a global public health burden, with over a million deaths annually, including a significant proportion in Nigeria. Despite progress in malaria eradication, vaccine implementation presents challenges that may affect effectiveness. This review provides an overview of malaria in Nigeria, the R21 malaria vaccine, anticipated implementation challenges, and potential solutions. A keyword-based search of studies from the past 5 years indicates a 50% reduction in malaria mortality by 2023. While RTS,S and R21/Matrix-M vaccines have been approved by the WHO, implementation challenges include vaccine hesitancy due to misinformation, financial constraints, logistical issues, inadequate cold chain infrastructure, workforce shortages, and complex dosing schedules. Solutions include strong government leadership, multisectoral collaboration, improved healthcare infrastructure, and better community engagement. Addressing these barriers is essential for the successful integration of malaria vaccination into Nigeria’s immunization program.