Impact of Spirulina-Derived Silver Nanoparticles on Bioactive Compound Accumulation in Zantedeschia aethiopica Cell Suspension Cultures

Abstract

This study explains how phytochemicals and their activities in Zantedeschia aethiopica cell suspension cultures (CSC) are affected by biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) by spirulina aqueous extract (SAE). At 30 days of CSC, the medium containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts, sucrose (30 g/L), in addition to 1.5 g/L of SAE, and green-synthesized Spirulina silver nanoparticles (SP-AgNPs) was suitable for the accumulation of biomass and bioactive compounds. SP-AgNPs (5 mg/L) induced CSC extracts to greatly increase the production of total phenolic content (TPC) (4.27 mg/g-FW), total flavonoid content (TFC) (3.88 mg/g FW), and DPPH radical scavenging assay (RSA) (80.03%) than in the control CSC extracts for TPC, TFC, and DPPH (0.61 and 0.42 mg/g, and 48.80%), respectively. The contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) were highly elevated in SP-AgNPs (5 mg/L)-elicited CSC (4.5, 3.3, and 2.5 U/mg) respectively when compared with non-elicited CSC. SP-AgNPs-elicited CSC showed more phenolic compounds (1422.28µg/g) than the control CSC (306.31 µg/g, respectively). The SP-AgNPs-elicited CSC extracts in Zantedeschia aethiopica had elevated levels of secondary metabolites due to these metabolic modifications. According to the study, the elicitation procedure is helpful in increasing the accumulation of flavonoid and phenolic compounds as well as antioxidant properties.