Impact of Knowledge and Awareness on Dietary and Physical Activity Compliance Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in North Central Nigeria

Abstract

<i>Introduction: </i>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) management relies on both diet and physical activity adherence; however, patients compliance rates are unsatisfactory. <i>Objective: </i>This study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness about diet and physical activity among T2DM patients and the impact it has on adherence to the recommended guidelines. <i>Methods: </i>This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Jos University Teaching Hospital using a systematic random sampling. Structured questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, awareness and self-reported compliance with diabetes medication and lifestyle modification guidelines. Care practices were based on modified instruments of Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities. The relationship between variables was determined using correlation and regression analysis. <i>Results:</i> A response rate of 96% (N=288) was obtained. Respondents who had ‘Good’ in their dietary knowledge and physical activity knowledge were 41.7%, and 38.2% respectively. The mean of dietary and physical activity adherence was 4.2+/-1.8 and 2.8+/-2.1 days/week, respectively. The highest percentage rate for dietary compliance was 32.6% and physical activity compliance was 18.4%. There was positive correlation between knowledge and compliance (dietary: r=0.54, p<0.001; physical activity: r=0.49, p<0.001). The mean HbA1c was 8.42± 2.2%, and only 23.6% achieved target control (<7.0%). <i>Conclusion:</i> Knowledge has significant effect on compliance behaviour of the T2DM patients; however, compliance levels are still low even with a moderate level of knowledge. Greater awareness and knowledge of diet and physical activity guidelines are needed to bridge the gap concerning this in T2DM management in order to improve patient outcomes in North Central Nigeria.