article · International Journal of Modelling and Simulation
Electric vehicles provide green transportation that can reduce pollution from both transit systems and traditional power sources when integrated effectively into the electricity grid. Bidirectional vehicle-to-grid systems allow vehicle batteries to either charge or return power to sustain the utility network. However, varying loading conditions create operational challenges, particularly in maintaining acceptable network voltages and achieving optimal power-sharing across the system. Successfully integrating these vehicles requires addressing grid constraints through an overarching structural framework. This approach is anchored in five principles: decentralisation, decarbonisation, digitalisation, deregulation, and democratisation. Adopting this perspective helps resolve modern electrical network limitations while offering a structured vision to support stakeholders developing future electric vehicles and power infrastructure.
Widespread electric vehicle adoption requires electricity grids capable of managing new charging demands. Bidirectional power flow enables electric cars to support power networks rather than merely drawing energy from them. Understanding the impacts on network voltage and adopting decentralised, digitalised approaches helps energy operators and mobility stakeholders design cleaner, more resilient power systems.
The findings inform grid utilities, energy aggregators, and vehicle manufacturers developing vehicle-to-grid energy management systems. Because the work presents an analytical survey and a conceptual framework rather than a tested hardware prototype, it sits at an early research stage. Practical commercialisation will require resolving the identified voltage stability and power-sharing issues under variable grid loading conditions.
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Mobility has modernized urban areas using an efficient transportation system. However, mobility demand growth has accelerated the expansion of conventional transportation, which significantly contributes to pollution. The need of Green transportation results in the eminence of electric vehicles (EVs). Besides, green mobility minimizes pollution from transportation systems and conventional power sources when EVs are optimally integrated into the utility grid. Thus, this study assesses different significant optimum possibilities of grid-connected EVs. A review of the critical impacts of grid-tied EVs is presented. Vehicle to the grid (V2G) is the future of electric cars. This uses a bidirectional power flow of the EV’s battery charging to either charge the car or sustain the utility grid. The V2G is highly affected by diverse loading conditions that challenge the network’s acceptable voltage and optimal power-sharing within the electrical network. It is observed that the V2G perspective is based on the 5Ds (decentralisation, de-carbonization, digitalization, deregulation, and democratization) vision to overcome the overall shortcomings in the modern power grid. The 5Ds vision of V2G implementation sustains different stakeholders working on the future of electric cars. Thus, this research is a stronger foundation for the new perspective and vision of V2G development and applications.
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DOI: 10.1080/02286203.2022.2148180
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