Hypoglycaemic Principles of <i>Securidaca longepedunculata</i> Extracts Reverses Experimental Diabetes and Diabetes Associated Pathology in Wistar Albino Rats

Abstract

Background: This study investigated the effect of the extractable hypoglycaemic principles from Securidaca longepedunculata leaves on some biochemical parameters in alloxan‐induced diabetic rats with the view to having improved pharmacological agent(s) that could be used in managing diabetes mellitus with relatively lesser side effects. Three groups of four rats each were used for the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): group one received 3 mL/kg BW normal saline (normal control) while groups 2 and 3 received 200 and 400 mg/kg BW of methanol extract of Securidaca longepedunculata (MESL), respectively. Six groups of five rats per group were used for the main antidiabetic study. Group one received 3 mL/kg BW normal saline (normal control), group 2 received no treatment after induction, group 3, received 5 mg/kg BW glibenclamide (standard group), groups 3–6 received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW MESL, respectively, after induction. Results: The OGTT showed significant ( p &lt; 0.05) reduction in random blood sugar of the treated groups compared to the control. In the antidiabetic study, the treated groups 4–6 significantly ( p &lt; 0.05) lowered the blood glucose of the Wistar rats compared to the treatment control. Extract administration showed no adversity to liver and kidney, respectively, as shown by result of tested standard indicators. Equally MESL caused significant ( p &lt; 0.05) increase in serum antioxidant activities and significant ( p &lt; 0.05) decrease in malondialdehyde concentration compared to the treatment control. Conclusion: The study suggested hypoglycaemic potency, antioxidant rejuvenation, and relative hepatic and nephron safety by MESL.