Hypertension Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in a South African Population

Abstract

Worldwide, hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke and cardiovascular diseases, creating serious public health issues. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors and the prevalence of hypertension in a community in South Africa. Between 2019 and 2023, an observational study with 1029 participants was carried out. The South African Hypertension Society hypertension guidelines were used to determine the prevalence of hypertension. Risk factors, such as anthropometric factors, socioeconomic factors, and lifestyle choices, were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Within the total study population, the mean age was 48 years, and 81.1 percent of the participants were female. The mean blood pressure was 128/82.5 mmHg and 48.7% of the participants were obese. The prevalence of hypertension was 53.6%. Significant risk factors for hypertension included ageing, diabetes, having a higher body mass index, not having formal education, being unemployed, leading a sedentary lifestyle, and living in a rural area. The study highlights the increased prevalence of hypertension in this South African population. The findings were consistent with the current literature with regard to hypertension risk factors, such as age, body mass index, education, and physical activity. Current data highlights the need for focused health education and awareness initiatives that encourage healthy living. Improving healthcare access and addressing the socioeconomic factors should be the main goals of policy initiatives to lessen the impact of hypertension in underprivileged rural communities.