review · RSC Advances
Hydrazone compounds, distinguished by an azomethine group, and their coinage metal complexes with copper, silver, and gold, are prominent candidates for anticancer and antibiotic drug development. These compounds feature straightforward synthesis and versatile coordination chemistry, enabling stable metal complexation. Recent research over a five-year period indicates that hydrazone derivatives and their complexes exhibit significant biological activity. In cancer models, they function by triggering programmed cell death, inhibiting the proliferation of cells, and halting blood vessel formation. Against microbial pathogens, they compromise cell membranes and disrupt essential enzyme functions. Ongoing investigations aim to enhance their selectivity, potency, and biocompatibility, underpinning their development as next-generation therapeutic and diagnostic tools.
Cancer and microbial infections remain formidable global health challenges requiring novel therapeutic mechanisms. Hydrazone-based metal complexes offer dual utility as prospective anticancer and antimicrobial agents. Understanding their chemical synthesis and biological pathways provides researchers and drug developers with adaptable chemical scaffolds to design more targeted, biocompatible therapies capable of overcoming treatment resistance.
This research applies to early-stage pharmaceutical discovery for oncology and infectious disease therapeutics, as well as diagnostics. The primary target users are pharmaceutical developers and medicinal chemists. The technology remains at an early laboratory research stage, as current efforts are still focused on optimising candidate compounds for adequate biocompatibility, selectivity, and potency before advancing to practical biological applications.
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Hydrazone-based compounds distinguished by their azomethine -NHN[double bond, length as m-dash]CH group and their respective coinage metal complexes have emerged as leading candidates in the search for effective anticancer and antibiotic agents. Because of their varied pharmacological potential and simplicity of synthesis, these compounds have been the subject of substantial research. Hydrazones exhibit versatile coordination chemistry, allowing for the formation of stable complexes with metals such as copper, silver, and gold. Hydrazone derivatives and their metal complexes demonstrate significant biological activities, displaying potent anticancer properties inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, and disrupting angiogenesis. Furthermore, they exhibit vigorous antibiotic activity by compromising microbial cell membranes and inhibiting essential enzymes. This review article highlights the versatility and effectiveness of hydrazone-based compounds and their coinage metal complexes reported for the last five years, underscoring their potential as next-generation diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Ongoing research focuses on optimizing these compounds for more excellent selectivity, potency, and biocompatibility, which is expected to advance their practical biological applications.
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DOI: 10.1039/d4ra07794f
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