article · Journal of risk and financial management
This paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volatility of the EUR/MRU and USD/MRU exchange rates using GARCH-type models. Symmetric GARCH(1,1) and asymmetric specifications—EGARCH and GJR-GARCH—are applied to capture potential leverage effects over two periods: pre-COVID (January 2017–December 2019) and COVID (January 2017–December 2021). The results indicate that the pandemic increased short-run volatility for EUR/MRU, while its impact on USD/MRU was comparatively weaker. Asymmetric models reveal that COVID-19 altered the response of volatility to shocks, with EUR/MRU exhibiting heightened sensitivity and USD/MRU showing contrasting asymmetries. In addition, an out-of-sample backtesting exercise confirms the superior predictive performance of asymmetric models, particularly EGARCH for EUR/MRU and GJR-GARCH for USD/MRU. These findings underscore distinct volatility dynamics and the transmission of external shocks in a small open economy during periods of global uncertainty.
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DOI: 10.3390/jrfm18100589
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