Honey Phonophoresis as an Adjunctive Multimodal Intervention in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Case Report

Abstract

Integration of honey phonophoresis with conventional physiotherapy in this single case may be associated with improvements in the patient's reported outcomes, cartilage ultrasound assessment, and inflammatory biomarkers in OA. Causal relationships cannot be inferred from a single case due to the uncontrolled, multimodal design; thus, imaging changes should be interpreted cautiously. The findings of this case are exploratory and hypothesis-generating, supporting further investigation through well-designed randomized controlled trials.