article · Quantum Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
The histopathological evaluation of kidney, liver, and heart tissues was conducted to investigate the protective and toxicological effects of aqueous and ethanolic root extracts of Phyllanthus muellerianus in rats administered letrozole (LTZ). LTZ-induced damage was characterized by hemorrhagic changes, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the kidney, liver, and heart tissues. Treatment with 30 mg/kg body weight of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed marked restoration of normal histological features, particularly in the kidney and heart, with reduced cellular degeneration and inflammation. However, higher doses (60 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg) exhibited variable outcomes, including focal necrosis, hemorrhagic lesions, and inflammatory aggregates, particularly in the liver and kidney tissues. These findings highlight the dose-dependent therapeutic and toxicological effects of P. muellerianus root extracts, with lower doses demonstrating significant protective potential against LTZ-induced organ damage. The study underscores the importance of dose optimization in harnessing the therapeutic benefits of P. muellerianus while minimizing potential toxicities. Further research is recommended to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects and their implications for clinical application.
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DOI: 10.55197/qjmhs.v4i2.130
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