High potential for zoonotic pathogen emergence through wildlife exposure in East Cameroon

Abstract

Zoonotic disease emergence is a major concern within the One Health framework, driven by close human–wildlife interactions. We surveyed 3400 individuals in East Cameroon, revealing widespread bushmeat consumption and frequent animal contacts with rodents, non-human primates and bats. Women were highly exposed, not only through butchering but also by accompanying hunters or during prolonged forest stays. Conducted in a region with known zoonotic virus circulation and past spillover events, this study provides valuable epidemiological data. Our findings underscore the persistent human–wildlife interface and the urgent need for targeted surveillance and prevention strategies to mitigate future spillover events. • Large-scale survey in a high-biodiversity, zoonotic hotspot in East Cameroon. • Widespread bushmeat consumption reported across rural populations. • Frequent contact with rodents, non-human primates and bats, known viral reservoirs. • Gender roles in wildlife exposure are more complex than traditionally assumed. • High level of exposure among men and women from indigenous Pygmy community.