Hematological, Biochemical, and Inflammatory Markers in Patients Suffering from SARS-CoV-2 in Kassala, Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Study

Abstract

Introduction: Sudan faces the impact of SARS-CoV-2, emphasizing the urgency of timely detection and effective management. This study, conducted in Kassala, Sudan, aimed to evaluate key hematological, biochemical, and inflammatory markers in confirmed and suspected COVID-19 patients. Methodology: A cross-sectional hospital investigation was carried out in Kassala State, eastern Sudan, spanning from September 2020 to January 2021. Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected from individuals suspected of having COVID-19 using a structured questionnaire. Nasopharyngeal swab was targeted for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 while a blood sample was processed for haematological and biochemical parameters. Results: The study included 371 participants, revealing a prevalence of COVID-19 PCR positive of 61.7% (229/371). In particular, most were male (65%), with a mean age of 42.9±19.9 years. A substantial case fatality rate of 15.7% (36/229) was observed, predominantly among people 60 years and older (P < 0.001). RT-PCR-confirmed patients exhibited significant associations with elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein levels, prolonged Prothrombin time, extended partial thrombin time, leucocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia and hypocalcemia (P < 0.000). Conclusion: This study illuminates the impact of COVID-19 on crucial hematological, renal electrolyte, inflammatory, and coagulation markers. These findings have the potential to enhance patient outcomes and reduce mortality rates by guiding informed actions and shaping public health policies.