Heavy Metal Contamination in Soils Near Waste Dumpsite in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria Using Polllution and Geo-accumulation Indices

Abstract

Aims: This study assesses heavy metal contamination in soils near the Ilokun and Emirin dumpsites in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, focusing on arsenic, chromium, manganese, nickel, and leads to understand the environmental risks posed by these sites. Study Design: The study employed an observational, cross-sectional design to assess heavy metal contamination in soils around two dumpsites in Ado-Ekiti (Emirin Community and Ilokun Community), Nigeria. This design provided a snapshot of metal concentrations across multiple points within and around each dumpsite, allowing spatial distribution patterns to be analyzed. Place and Duration: Soil samples were systematically collected from multiple zones at each dumpsite and a control sample was obtained from a distant residential area. Methodology: Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, the concentrations of heavy metals were measured and statistically analyzed, with results showing significant differences across sites (p < 0.05). Results: Ilokun soils exhibited the highest contamination levels, with mean concentrations of arsenic (0.1176 ppm), chromium (0.3682 ppm), manganese (0.4667 ppm), nickel (0.0609 ppm), and lead (0.3319 ppm), whereas Emirin displayed moderate contamination, with lower values than Ilokun yet still elevated compared to the control site. The Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo) indicated substantial contamination of chromium, manganese, and lead in both dumpsites, with levels in Ilokun being particularly elevated. Conclusion: The Pollution Load Index (PLI) for both dumpsites remained below critical thresholds, suggesting low overall pollution; however, the data underline the need for continuous monitoring and targeted remediation to reduce potential health risks and ensure soil safety for surrounding communities.