Heat transfer in transient motion of thin film coatings with copper <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="true">(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">C</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">u</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="true">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , aluminium oxide <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.svg"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="true">(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">A</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">l</mml:mi> <mml:mn mathvariant="bold">2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">O</mml:mi> <mml:mn mathvariant="bold">3</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="true">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and molybdenum disulfide <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si3.svg"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="true">(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mi>o</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="true">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> nanoparticles over a stretching cylinder

Abstract

Thin film flow facilitates efficient thermochemical and photochemical reactions by maximizing surface area and optimizing heat and mass transfer. This approach enhances reaction rates and energy absorption, benefiting applications like combustion systems, microreactors, and solar-driven chemical processes. This study numerically investigates the flow and thermal energy transportation of ternary hybrid nanofluids in a thin film over an unsteady stretching cylinder. The characteristics of thin film of ternary hybrid nanofluid are demonstrated by combining water as the base fluid with copper , aluminium oxide and molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles. Furthermore, the thermal energy transport is inspected with the applications of viscous dissipation and nonlinear radiative effects. Numerical simulations of the problem are conducted in MATLAB using the bvp4c solver for solving boundary value problems. Comparative heat transfer is performed for hybrid nanofluid ( - ) and ternary hybrid nanofluid - - . It has been observed that film thickness and the skin friction coefficient are improved by increasing the curvature parameter, and the temperature profile is improved by increasing the concentration of solid nanoparticles. Further, higher radiation rises the Nusselt number by improving heat transfer in the ternary hybrid nanofluid coating through augmented radiative energy.