Heat and mass transfer in MHD flow of SWCNT and graphene nanoparticles suspension in Casson fluid

Abstract

Abstract The exceptional mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoparticles, particularly their high aspect ratio and flexibility, position them as highly promising materials for the next generation of armor technology. Their incorporation into protective wear, such as bullet‐proof vests, offers the potential for significant improvements in both performance and cost efficiency. By replacing traditional materials with CNTs and graphene, the durability and maintenance of these protective devices could be substantially enhanced, leading to more effective and sustainable solutions for personal safety. This study focuses on the complex phenomena of heat and mass transport within a suspension of CNTs and graphene nanoparticles dispersed in a Casson fluid, particularly under the influence of an applied magnetic field. The analysis begins by reformulating the governing equations using similarity variables to transform them into a dimensionless form to simplify the problem. The resulting dimensionless equations are then solved using the three‐stage Lobatto IIIa finite difference method, a robust numerical technique well‐suited for solving boundary value problems in fluid dynamics. The results of this investigation highlight a significant 78.41% reduction in skin friction when compared with traditional CNT‐water nanofluid systems. This considerable decrease in skin friction not only reveals the superior performance of the CNT‐graphene nanofluid suspension but also opens up new possibilities for the design and development of advanced protective materials. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on nanofluid applications and offer valuable insights for future research in the field of advanced armor technology.