Gyrotactic bioconvection analysis on hydromagnetic Walters’ B nanofluid over a stretching sheet in the presence of nonlinear radiation and viscous dissipation

Abstract

In this study, the simulation and behaviour of motile microorganisms are examined in hydromagnetic Walters’ B nanofluid with elastic deformation. The fluid radiates nonlinearly in the presence of Biot number and viscous dissipation. The mathematical formulations of the model, expressed as partial differential equations, were transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity conversion variables. The converted equations are solved using the Galerkin Weighted Residual Method (GWRM), whose residual errors have been proven to be extremely minimal. The convergence of the iteration is also verified, and validation is provided against existing work in the literature. The GWRM outputs are further verified by the Spectral Collocation Method (SCM), whose differences are very minimal (negligible). The novel result of these findings demonstrates that the motile microorganisms can easily survive when nanoparticles are diluted, and the Weissenberg number intensifies the dominance of tensile stresses via viscoelasticity of the fluid, which is crucial for polymer processing.