Gut Microbiome and Diet Interaction

Abstract

The survival of hosts is contingent upon the gut microbiota, an ecosystem composed of billions of microorganisms residing in the intestinal space. Microbial colonization is a concurrent process with immune system maturation that impacts gastrointestinal function. Diet influences the composition of the microbiota in the intestines. For the maintenance, restoration, and development of bodily tissues, humans require carbohydrates, protein, lipids, and an assortment of other nutrients on a consistent basis. The progression and initiation of diseases may be impacted by alterations in the feeding patterns of the intestinal microbiota, which subsequently influence the physiological state of the host. Changes in the quantity and functionality of intestinal bacteria are hallmarks of chronic noncommunicable diseases. A greater comprehension of the influence that bacteria and their metabolites have on the onset and/or progression of various human diseases can be attained through an analysis of the interaction among the gut microbiota, diet, and host as discussed in this chapter.