Growth, immunity, and antioxidant activity responses of phytobiotics and probiotics incorporated into Oreochromis niloticus diets under stressors of unchanged water

Abstract

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of incorporating commercial mixture phytobiotic/probiotics as feed additives in terms of performance, survival rate proximate composition, hematological parameters, immunological response and antioxidant enzymes activity of Oreochromis niloticus reared under un-exchanged water system. Nile tilapia with an average beginning weight ranged from 48.49 to 52.50 g and were distributed in concrete ponds (1 m × 1 m × 1 m; L × W × H) at 20 fish / pond. Four treatments were performed as follows: control group (CG) fish fed a basal feed without water exchange and three groups were reared under zero water exchange with adding three different doses of commercial phytobiotic /probiotics on the basal feed (Garlex ® , Superimmune ® , and Gallipro 200 ® ): Group 1: (200 mg, 500 mg, and 200 mg)/kg diet, Group 2: (400 mg, 1000 mg, and 400 mg)/ kg diet and Group 3: (600 mg, 1500 mg, and 600 mg)/ kg diet. This trial lasted for ninety days. Groups 1 and 2 had the best growth indices and survival rates, and there was not a significant ( P ≤ 0.05 ) distinction between them. Fish fed Groups 1 and 2 showed the greatest improvement in proximate body composition, immunological responses, and antioxidant enzyme activity, including lysozyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH). This study has detected that feed additives of commercial mixture of 200 mg/kg Garlex®, 400 mg/kg Super Immune®, and 200 mg/kg GallPro-200® led to improved growth and physiological status of O. niloticus under un-exchanged water ponds.