article · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
Zinc oxide nanoparticles can be produced using common baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, via green synthesis. Characterisation confirms that the resulting particles are spherical, measuring between 13.0 and 20.0 nanometres in diameter with an average size of 15.0 nanometres. When evaluated for biological and environmental functions, the material shows clear antimicrobial properties and photocatalytic activity. In laboratory assays, the nanoparticles inhibited both gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli, demonstrating higher efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus. Under ultraviolet light, the nanoparticles degraded Eriochrome Black T dye, achieving an 83.0 percent removal rate at pH 3.0 using 20.0 milligrams of the material. These characteristics indicate the material's potential usefulness as an antibacterial agent and as a treatment agent for contaminated wastewater.
Producing functional nanomaterials through biological routes reduces reliance on hazardous chemical processes. By using common baker's yeast, this method yields zinc oxide nanoparticles capable of killing bacterial pathogens and breaking down synthetic dye pollutants. Such multi-functional materials offer sustainable pathways to support both infection control and environmental cleanup.
The findings point to applications in industrial wastewater treatment and antibacterial agent formulation. Water treatment operators and antimicrobial product developers are the main prospective user groups. Because performance was demonstrated only in laboratory-scale dye degradation tests and in vitro bacterial culture assays, the technology sits at an early-stage research level and requires pilot testing under realistic operating conditions.
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Abstract Many research papers are currently being written about various methodologies for the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. In this study, ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by green synthesis method using baker’s yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ). The characterization of the produced ZnO nanoparticles involved the utilization of XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM. The investigation involved the assessment of the antimicrobial potential and photocatalytic degradation efficacy of the synthesized materials through the utilization of Eriochrome Black T (EBT). The results indicate that the ZnO nanoparticles exhibit a spherical morphology, exhibiting diameters ranging from 13.0 to 20.0nm, with an average particle size of 15.0nm. The antimicrobial efficacy against ( S. aureus ) gram-positive and ( E. coli ) gram-negative bacteria was tested through the conduction of zone of inhibition (ZOI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests. This research focused on the study of the photocatalytic-degradation of EBT in the presence of ultraviolet light. The experiments focused on the impact of various factors, such as pH levels, initial EBT concentration, and nanocatalyst dosage, on the observed photocatalytic efficiency. In the in vitro ZOI and MIC results assay, it was observed that ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) exhibited greater efficacy against gram-positive S. aureus , with a ZOI measuring 23.1 mm and a MIC of 0.625 μg/ml. In contrast, the effectiveness of ZnO-NPs against gram-negative E. coli was comparatively lower, as indicated by a ZOI of 17.0 mm and a MIC of 1.250μg/ml. The greatest EBT elimination, which achieved 83.0% in equilibrium, was found employing 20.0mg of ZnO NPs at pH 3.0, according to the photocatalytic activity results. The synthetic ZnO NPs are powerful antibacterial agents that are effective against tested bacteria and may be used in the treatment of wastewater.
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DOI: 10.1007/s13399-023-04827-0
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