article · Green Processing and Synthesis
Microbial resistance to conventional antibiotics poses a severe challenge in modern healthcare. This study explores an eco-friendly approach to producing silver nanoparticles using aqueous extracts of orange peels under mild and low-hazard conditions. The plant extract serves simultaneously as a reducing and surface-passivating agent. By altering the concentration of the peel extract across one, two, and three percent, researchers examined variations in particle structure. Analysis showed that a three percent extract concentration yielded spherical nanoparticles with an average size of twelve nanometres, avoiding the agglomeration seen at lower concentrations. Across all tested extract concentrations, the resulting silver nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial activity against both gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae, demonstrating a fast, simple, and low-cost synthesis route with potent antibacterial performance.
Rising antibiotic resistance requires the development of alternative antimicrobial solutions. Using agricultural waste such as orange peels to synthesise silver nanoparticles presents a simple, fast, and inexpensive method. It provides a less hazardous production pathway that avoids harsh chemicals while yielding materials capable of tackling both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
The findings could support developers of antibacterial agents seeking sustainable, low-cost manufacturing routes using agricultural by-products. The potential applications centre on infection control against pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Given that the work evaluates laboratory-scale synthesis and basic antibacterial efficacy, the research represents an early-stage development requiring further testing before commercial use.
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Abstract The resistance of microorganisms towards antibiotics remains a big challenge in medicine. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) received attention recently for their characteristic nanosized features and their ability to display antimicrobial activities. This work reports the synthesis of AgNPs using the Citrus sinensis peels extract in their aqueous, mild, and less hazardous conditions. The effect of concentration variation (1%, 2%, and 3%) of the plant extracts on the size and shape of the AgNPs was investigated. The antimicrobial activities were tested against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae . Absorption spectra confirmed the synthesis by the surface Plasmon resonance peaks in the range 400–450 nm for all the AgNPs. FTIR spectra confirmed that Citrus sinensis peels extract acted as both reducing and surface passivating agent for the synthesized AgNPs. TEM revealed spherical AgNPs with average size of 12 nm for 3% concentration as compared to the agglomeration at 1% and 2%. All the AgNPs synthesized using Citrus sinensis peels extracts (1%, 2%, and 3%) exhibited antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and negative bacteria. These results indicated a simple, fast, and inexpensive synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the Citrus sinensis peels extract that has promising antibacterial activity.
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DOI: 10.1515/gps-2021-0061
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