article · Scientific Reports
Silver nanoparticles have been synthesised through a green method using Piper cubeba seed extract as a reducing agent. These nanoparticles display strong green fluorescence under ultraviolet light and serve as fluorescent nanoprobes to detect ornidazole and miconazole nitrate. Because these two drugs lack native fluorescence, previous detection typically required complex chemical preparation, whereas this method measures drug concentrations directly through the quantitative quenching of the nanoparticle fluorescence without pre-derivatisation steps. Testing demonstrated high accuracy and recovery rates when measuring the drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms and human plasma samples, adhering to international validation guidelines. Furthermore, the prepared silver nanoparticles exhibited substantial antimicrobial activity against three bacterial strains and one candida fungal species, pointing to dual functionality in analytical sensing and antimicrobial control.
Measuring therapeutic drugs accurately in biological fluids and pharmaceuticals is vital for quality control and clinical safety. Ornidazole and miconazole do not emit natural fluorescence, usually complicating optical detection. Providing a green-synthesised nanoparticle sensor eliminates complex chemical preparatory steps while also delivering direct antimicrobial properties, offering a simpler dual-purpose tool for pharmaceutical analysis and infection management.
The technology is an applied, laboratory-tested analytical method with demonstrated performance in commercial drug dosage forms and clinical plasma samples. Quality control laboratories, pharmaceutical manufacturers, and clinical monitoring facilities could utilise this assay to test drug concentrations rapidly without pre-derivatisation chemicals. Moving towards commercialisation will require scaling nanoparticle synthesis under standardised manufacturing protocols and adapting the spectrofluorimetric assay for integration into automated diagnostic or high-throughput quality assurance equipment.
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A green and simple method was proposed for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using Piper cubeba seed extract as a reducing agent for the first time. The prepared Ag-NPs were characterized using different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The obtained Ag-NPs showed an emission band at 320 nm when excited at 280 nm and exhibited strong green fluorescence under UV-light. The produced Ag-NPs were used as fluorescent nanosensors for the spectrofluorimetric determination of ornidazole (ONZ) and miconazole nitrate (MIZ) based on their quantitative quenching of Ag-NPs native fluorescence. The current study introduces the first spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of the studied drugs using Ag-NPs without the need for any pre-derivatization steps. Since the studied drugs don't exhibit native fluorescent properties, the importance of the proposed study is magnified. The proposed method displayed a linear relationship between the fluorescence quenching and the concentrations of the studied drugs over the range of 5.0-80.0 µM and 20.0-100.0 µM with limits of detection (LOD) of 0.35 µM and 1.43 µM for ONZ and MIZ, respectively. The proposed method was applied for the determination of ONZ and MIZ in different dosage forms and human plasma samples with high % recoveries and low % RSD values. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Moreover, the synthesized Ag-NPs demonstrated significant antimicrobial activities against three different bacterial strains and one candida species. Therefore, the proposed method may hold potential applications in the antimicrobial therapy and related mechanism research.
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DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25830-x
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